Makkah Pact, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Turkey
Makkah Pact, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Turkey The Mecca Joint Defence Agreement (or Makkah Pact), signed on August 7, 2026, in Mecca by Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey, marks a major shift in West Asian and South Asian security. By establishing a collective deterrence framework—stipulating that an armed attack against one member is treated as an attack against all—it creates a trilateral security triangle linking the Middle East, the Mediterranean, and South Asia. Core Components of the Pact Collective Defence Clause: Modelled loosely after NATO's Article 5, the three nations pledge mutual defence against external attacks. Trilateral Capabilities: Combines Saudi financial power and oil infrastructure, Turkey’s NATO-standard defence technology and manufacturing, and Pakistan’s substantial military manpower and nuclear capabilities. Regional Context: Precipitated by broader West Asian instability (including the ongoing war involving Iran and Israel) and a desire among r...